abstract：:Bacterial whole-cell biosensors are very useful for toxicity measurements of various samples. Semi-specific biosensors, containing fusions of stress-regulated promoters and reporter genes, have several advantages over the traditional, general biosensors that are based on constitutively expressed reporter genes. Furthe...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Sørensen SJ,Burmølle M,Hansen LH

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ecophysiology of microorganisms has been at the heart of microbial ecology since its early days, but only during the past decade have methods become available for cultivation-independent, direct identification of microorganisms in complex communities and for the simultaneous investigation of their activity and sub...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Wagner M,Nielsen PH,Loy A,Nielsen JL,Daims H

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many recent advances in bioreporter technology focus on challenges related to bioengineering, yet in many applications implementation of optical signal measurement is equally susceptible to improvement. For bioluminescent bioreporters, one area of effort lies in the development of semiconductor chip-based detector mod...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Wells M

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and adult stem cells both provide important resources to define the mechanisms of hematopoietic cell development. To date, studies that utilize hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) isolated from sites such as bone marrow or umbilical cord blood have been the primary means to identify molecular a...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Martin CH,Kaufman DS

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic biology combines knowledge from various disciplines including molecular biology, engineering, mathematics and physics to design and build novel proteins, genetic circuits and metabolic networks. Early efforts aimed at altering the behavior of individual elements have now evolved to focus on the construction ...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： McDaniel R,Weiss R

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Silicon Cell initiative aims to understand cellular systems on the basis of the characteristics of their components. As a tool to achieve this, detailed kinetic models at the network reaction level are being constructed. Such detailed kinetic models are extremely useful for medical and biotechnological application...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Snoep JL

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent adoption of whole plasmid genome sequencing as a routine analytical technique has provided the basis for cataloging the historical events through which plasmids are assembled from the available families of modular plasmid components. Horizontal gene transfer mediated by plasmids plays an important role in t...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Dennis JJ

更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vernalization is the process by which flowering is promoted by prolonged exposure to the cold of a typical winter. In certain plant species, the role of vernalization is to suppress the expression of genes that encode repressors of flowering. In Arabidopsis, this suppression is an epigenetic phenomenon in the sense th...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Amasino RM

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The alternative sigma factor sigmaB modulates the stress response of several Gram-positive bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis and the food-borne human pathogens Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus. In all these bacteria, sigmaB is responsible for the transcription of genes that can con...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： van Schaik W,Abee T

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent years have seen the introduction of novel techniques and applications of total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM). Key technical achievements include miniaturization, enhanced depth resolution, reduction of detection volumes and the combination of TIRFM with other microscopic techniques. Novel ...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Schneckenburger H

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of contrast agents that can be localized to a particular tissue or cellular epitope will potentially allow the noninvasive visualization and characterization of a variety of disease states. Recent advances have been made in the field of molecular imaging with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound a...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Morawski AM,Lanza GA,Wickline SA

更新日期：2005-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Compared to 'live' vaccines, the immunogenicity of 'split' vaccines based on recombinant antigen (Ag) is poor, presumably because exogeneous recombinant Ag fails to efficiently access the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I processing pathway needed for 'cross-presentation'. Here we discuss recent evidence ...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Wagner H,Heit A,Schmitz F,Bauer S

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The fundamental role of glycoconjugates in many biological processes is now well appreciated and has intensified the development of innovative and improved synthetic strategies. All areas of synthetic methodology have seen major advances and many complex, highly branched carbohydrates and glycoproteins have been prepa...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Hölemann A,Seeberger PH

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Several cell-based tissue-engineering therapies are emerging to regenerate damaged tissues. These strategies use autologous cells in combination with bioresorbable delivery materials. Major functions of a delivery scaffold are to provide initial mechanical stability, homogenous three-dimensional cell distribution, imp...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Sittinger M,Hutmacher DW,Risbud MV

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromatography is undoubtedly the workhorse of downstream processes, affording high resolution for bioseparations. At the same time, it has the notoriety of being the single largest cost center in downstream processing and of being a low-throughput operation. Consequently, 'chromatography alternatives' are an attracti...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Przybycien TM,Pujar NS,Steele LM

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Over the past 20 years, the development of subtilisins as typical detergent proteases has employed all the tools of enzyme technology, resulting in a constant flow of new and improved enzymes. The number of molecules identified and characterized, however, is in clear opposition to the number of molecules that are ente...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Maurer KH

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Directed evolution methods are now widely used for the optimization of diverse enzyme properties, which include biotechnologically relevant characteristics like stability, regioselectivity and, in particular, enantioselectivity. In principle, three different approaches are followed to optimize enantioselective reactio...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Jaeger KE,Eggert T

更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The phytodegradation of organic compounds can take place inside the plant or within the rhizosphere of the plant. Many different compounds and classes of compounds can be removed from the environment by this method, including solvents in groundwater, petroleum and aromatic compounds in soils, and volatile compounds in...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Newman LA,Reynolds CM

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transgene integration in plants transformed by either Agrobacterium or direct DNA delivery methods occurs through illegitimate recombination (IR). The precise mechanism(s) for IR-mediated transgene integration and the role of host double-strand break repair enzymes remain unknown. A recent wealth of sequenced transgen...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Somers DA,Makarevitch I

更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Electron capture dissociation (ECD) is a new fragmentation technique used in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry and is complementary to traditional tandem mass spectrometry techniques. Disulfide bonds, normally stable to vibrational excitation, are preferentially cleaved in ECD. Fragmentation ...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Zubarev RA

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although metabolic networks can be readily reconstructed through comparative genomics, the reconstruction of regulatory networks has been hindered by the relatively low level of evolutionary conservation of their molecular components. Recent developments in experimental techniques have allowed the generation of vast a...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Herrgård MJ,Covert MW,Palsson BØ

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The organization of biochemical networks that make up the living cell can be defined by studying the dynamics of protein-protein interactions. To this end, experimental strategies based on protein fragment complementation assays (PCAs) have been used to map biochemical networks and to identify novel components of thes...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Michnick SW

更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antisense technology is finding increasing application not only in clinical development, but also for cellular engineering. Several types of antisense methods (e.g. antisense oligonucleotides, antisense RNA and small interfering RNA) can be used to inhibit the expression of a target gene. These antisense methods are b...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Lee LK,Roth CM

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Driven by the demand to enhance the economic balance of chemical processes, the transformation of a racemate into a single stereoisomer (the deracemization process) is one of the most important areas of research. The recent development of the combined use of enzyme and metal catalysis has led to efficient deracemizati...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Pàmies O,Bäckvall JE

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The removal of inorganic contaminants by plants is termed phytoextraction. Recent studies have looked at the feasibility of phytoextraction, and demonstrate that both good biomass yields and metal hyperaccumulation are required to make the process efficient. Adding chelating agents to soil to increase the bioavailabil...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： McGrath SP,Zhao FJ

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The worldwide emergence of nanoscale science and engineering was marked by the announcement of the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in January 2000. Recent research on biosystems at the nanoscale has created one of the most dynamic science and technology domains at the confluence of physical sciences, molecula...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Roco MC

更新日期：2003-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Drought, high salinity and low temperature are major environmental factors that limit plant productivity. Plants respond and adapt to these stresses in order to survive. Signaling pathways are induced in response to environmental stress and recent molecular and genetic studies have revealed that these pathways involve...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Seki M,Kamei A,Yamaguchi-Shinozaki K,Shinozaki K

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria are both morphologically and functionally diverse, and this variety is thought to have important biological ramifications. The development of methods to probe the properties of individual mitochondria is therefore of utmost importance. Recent advances have been made using in situ microscopy techniques and...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Fuller KM,Arriaga EA

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high-throughput identification and accurate quantification of proteins are essential components of proteomic strategies for studying cellular functions and processes. Techniques that are largely based on stable isotope protein or peptide labeling and automated tandem mass spectrometry are increasingly being applie...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Tao WA,Aebersold R

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Phage display has proven to be a robust and convenient technology for the selection of high-quality human antibodies from diverse libraries. Besides enabling the identification of antibodies in a fast, high-throughput mode, which allows comprehensive protein expression analyses, phage display has been used to identify...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Kretzschmar T,von Rüden T

更新日期：2002-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nature of DNA, the sequence of the human genome and our increased understanding of the genetic basis of many inherited and acquired disorders have made the possibility of curing diseases a reality. The modulation of a host's genome is now the ultimate goal in the treatment of genetic diseases. Historically, gene t...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Kren BT,Steer CJ

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoaffinity chromatography is one of the most powerful fractionation steps available for protein purification; however, it is often difficult to elute bound protein without using harsh or denaturing elution conditions. The development of methods to identify monoclonal antibodies that bind antigens tightly, but rele...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Burgess RR,Thompson NE

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The application of microbial enzymes to large-scale organic synthesis is currently attracting much attention, and has been uniquely developed especially in Japan. The discovery of new microbial enzymes through extensive and persistent screening has brought about many new and simple routes for synthetic processes. The ...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Ogawa J,Shimizu S

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies of biological systems in which there is a direct link between the challenges faced by marine organisms and biotechnologies enable us to rationally search for active natural compounds and other novel biotechnologies. This approach is proving successful in developing new methods for the prevention of marine biof...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： de Nys R,Steinberg PD

更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The impact of directed evolution and site-specific mutagenesis on the industrial utility of enzymatic catalysis through the modification of enzyme structure and function is clearly an important area of research in bioprocess engineering. High-throughput screening for novel or improved enzyme activities, both by more e...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Panke S,Wubbolts MG

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Various strategies have been developed to exploit plants as bioreactors for the production of pharmaceutical antibodies, to engineer antibody-mediated pathogen resistance or to alter the plant phenotype by immunomodulation. Recent research developments focus on the fine-tuning of expression systems and the detailed ch...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Stoger E,Sack M,Fischer R,Christou P

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The concept of whole genome amplification is something that has arisen in the past few years as the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been adapted to replicate regions of genomes that are of biological interest. The applications are many--forensic science, embryonic disease diagnosis, bioterrorism genome detection, ...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Hawkins TL,Detter JC,Richardson PM

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthetic building blocks bearing hydroxylated chiral centers are important targets for biocatalysis. Many C-C bond forming enzymes have recently been investigated for new applications and new strategies towards the synthesis of natural products and related oxygenated compounds. Several old catalysts have been studied...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Fessner WD,Helaine V

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two methods recently developed to monitor the gene expression of microbial communities in soil are the extraction and detection of messenger RNA from soil microorganisms and the construction and use of lux-based bioreporter strains. The goal of these approaches is to assess microbial activity in natural and impacted s...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Sayler GS,Fleming JT,Nivens DE

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of new strategies for the delivery of vaccine antigens or immune modulators to the mucosal tissue includes innovative approaches such as the use of genetically modified food microorganisms and plants. Even though the 'proof-of-concept' has recently been established for these two systems, key questions ...

journal_title：Current opinion in biotechnology

authors： Mercenier A,Wiedermann U,Breiteneder H

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00